AP Physics 214 min read

AP Physics 2 Review Guide: All 8 Units Covered

A complete AP Physics 2 review covering all 8 units: fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, electricity, magnetism, waves, optics, and modern physics. Key formulas and strategies for a 5.

FinalsPrep Team
Written by the tutoring team

AP Physics 2 covers electricity, magnetism, thermodynamics, and optics. The exam format is identical to Physics 1: multiple choice, free response, mix of no-calc and calc sections. The difference is that Physics 1 tested mechanics while Physics 2 tests everything else.

Exam structure

  • 3 hours total: 90 minute Section I (50 multiple choice, split into no-calc 30 questions and calc 20 questions) plus 90 minute Section II (2 long FRQs and 2 short FRQs).
  • Both sections equally weighted (50-50). Calculator required for part B.
  • Concepts tested: fluids, thermodynamics, electricity, circuits, magnetism, induction, waves, optics, modern physics.

Unit 1: Fluids

About 3 to 5 percent of exam. Pressure, buoyancy, continuity, Bernoulli.

Unit 2: Thermodynamics

About 12 to 18 percent of exam. Temperature, heat capacity, phase changes, first and second law, entropy.

Unit 3: Electric Charge and Electric Force

About 12 to 15 percent. Coulomb's law, electric field, electric potential, capacitors.

Unit 4: Electric Circuits

About 10 to 18 percent. Current, resistance, Ohm's law, series and parallel circuits.

Unit 5: Magnetism

About 10 to 12 percent. Magnetic field, forces on moving charges and currents, right-hand rule, torque.

Unit 6: Electromagnetic Induction

About 8 to 10 percent. Magnetic flux, Faraday's law, Lenz's law, transformers.

Unit 7: Waves

About 12 to 16 percent. Wave properties, Doppler effect, interference, resonance.

Unit 8: Optics and Modern Physics

About 10 to 14 percent. Mirrors and lenses, refraction, photoelectric effect, photons.

How to score a 5

  1. Master thermodynamics. It is the heaviest unit (12-18 percent) and hardest conceptually.
  2. Understand electric fields and circuits. Coulomb's law and Ohm's law are foundational.
  3. Learn Faraday's law and Lenz's law. Induction is on every exam.
  4. Know the right-hand rule. Magnetic problems become mechanical once you can visualize them.
  5. Take timed practice exams. Physics 2 is calculation-heavy. Get comfortable with your calculator.

Common mistakes

  • Forgetting signs. Charges can be positive or negative. Current and electron flow are opposite directions.
  • Confusing Faraday's law signs. Lenz's law is encoded in the minus sign.
  • Pressure depends on depth but NOT on container shape (only vertical height).
  • Capacitors block DC current. In circuits, a capacitor acts like an open circuit.
  • Mixing up series and parallel. Series: voltage divides, current same. Parallel: current divides, voltage same.

Physics 2 is harder than Physics 1 conceptually (electricity and magnetism feel more abstract), but the exam format is identical. Master the concepts and the exam format becomes familiar.

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